Tracing the roots
Since Inception,India has scaled zooming heights in almost all areas of human concern.Unprecedented revolutions in industrial and commercial domain,agricultural sector,breadth of scientific endeavours are a testimony to the country’s majestic development.Imposing official figures in areas of electricity generation,literacy level,food grain and steel production is a clear testament to India’s relentless efforts to compete itself with developed economies.A sizeable Indian populace is bracketed in the community,who consider themselves to a part of global elite.We have myriad of reasons to smile and scientists and technocrats need to take a fair share for elevating India to the “emulating” standards.However,the other side of development coin is not fairly smooth.Even after decades of liberty,life of millions continue to be mired in agony and torture.Astonishing 400 millions still continue to live below the poverty line and many others donont have access to drinking water,sanitation,in short,struggle hard to eke out a decent livelihood.
The Contemporary Trend
Many planners and decision makers in our country are unwilling to share the aspirations of the downtrodden sections and initiate a revolutionary step to wipe out their sorry state of affairs.Few of them are dithering over implementation of sincere approaches following interventions from higher authorities.In this direction,I wish to recall the words of the father of nation.
“Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man whom you may have seen and ask yourself if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him.”
These talismanic words by Mahatma Gandhi inspire us to render selfless service and stand above personal interests.
Pervading poverty,insatiable living standards,sorry state of farmers clearly points out the flaws in our policies which have failed to address pressing issues.It is this vicious cycle that our policies and plans have nurtured ,or atleast not to break.More and more number of people have been bypassed by so called”development process”.Moreover,to add to the woes,our scientists have chosen not to oppose the traditional system of working and mutely accept the doom.
The pressing Reasons
The relevance of science regarding resolving issues of critical importance is loosing essence.The pure scientific attitude has taken a nose dive and received a serious setback.Science is forwarding its steps towards doors of doom.We have been at a loss to chart out a comprehensive plan to redress the pressing issues which grapples the common populace.Our policies have been traditionally old and fail to march with contemporary trends.Citizen-participation in formulation of a viable policy remains a distant thought.Absence of empowerment to the people at grass root level distances them from deliberating thought-provoking ideas.Also,national priorities need to be accorded to issues of scientific relevance.In specific terms,most of our policies are ascribed on over-reliance on imaginary goals,which is not pertinent to the ground conditions such as arbitarily chosen growth rate for agricultural,industrial and national development.Our policy makers have been at loss to leverage our resources in the best interests of countrymen.Underutilization of resources and haphazard planning without any clear and practical vision has intensified the dichotomy between poor and rich.Moreover,to add to woes,the science community has accepted its minuscule role and established its impotent character.
Science progressing towards the door of doom.
Science has acquired a poor status in our country and the very fabric of science has become fragile.Sadly,people foray into the science arena by default and not by design.Peope failing to carve out a niche in any field finally take refuge of science.Science education at college level is no more considered socially desirable.To add to the list,practical aspects have lost its essence and more stress is accorded to theoretical part.
Let me divert your attention to the reasons which ails Indian science.Most of the work going on in our laboratories are insensitive to meeting contemporary challenges.Moreover,poor infrastructure,bureaucratic red tape,traditional functioning of science institutions have faded the image of indian science.Our heirarchical and autocratic working methodology has incessantly discouraged the younger scientists in actualizing their potential.While,the younger scientists cannot look beyond the strings of zeroes attached behind their salary,lucrative foreign tours and perk,the older ones are busy climbing up the professional ladder and ensuring post-retirement pastures.Lack of adequate funding,poor R&D advancements,lack of ground-researches have contributed to shabby image of science.Unquestionably,the quantum of researches going on in the name of science is very shallow and preliminary and touches only peripheral aspects without bringing about any deep structural amendments.The hosts of evaluations and review committees is all a façade and an attempt to blind comon man.Inability to break traditional norm of working and age-old format of constricting the entry of private players in contributing their share to indian science is something India is paying dearly for.Priorities accorded for national development needs a rejig so as to accommodate the developments of both poor and the rich.Another highlighting reason for plight of science is lack of linkages between innovations,productions and marketing.An effective mechanism should be instituted to facilitate early and effective promotion of products in market.A large scale restructuring is a pre requisite for addressing the contemporary concerns.The problem of academic,industrial and institutional laboratory works can only be addressed by fundamental changes in their mandates,stated objectives,personnel policies,infrastructural endowments and result orientation.The immediate job of science is to address the burning issue of poverty and simultaneously brandishing India’s competitive image globally.Indian scientists have not been able to define their objectives in clear terms and thereby failed to trod ahead.Science should mould itself in a robust manner to ensure rendering quality services to thesociety and to give life to this statement,scientists need to work relentlessly in pursuance of goals.
Science & Technology-an overview.
Science,as per the dictionary,entails systematic and structured knowledge which could be documented through series of explanations and experiments.Technology incorporates pragmatic application of science fundamentals in areas having huge social bearing.Science &Technology in conjoined format can help explore new avenues and hence reap social benefits of monumental proportions.Of late,myriad of approaches have come to fore promising exceptional results in the offing.But,most of them are short lived and finally illustrates its impotent nature.Recognising short-lived nature of methodologies,sustainable approaches need to be explored.Sustainable approach includes exploration of an effective mechanism that would ensure its lasting effect without compromising environmental issues.The need of the hour demands embarking upon host of techniques which would help in realising a revolution having a lasting impact.
Obligations of Science.
In a country where millions fail to eke out a decent living,the science community needs to channelize its prowess to endow endowments of impressive proportions.We need to identify emerging issues,chalk out alternative approaches to allow flowering of sustainable livelihoods.
A robust scientific institutional framework,which is insulted from any interventions will facilitate the realization of sustainable livelihoods.While export orientation and internationalism is imperative for strenthening of science & technology fabric,we also need to feedback from people at ground level.This would facilitate in rendering first hand information from the ground-level populace and thereby chalking out plans sensitive to their needs.Our methodology of working should be time specific i.e. short-term and long-term goals.Issues like enhancing public-delivery mechanism,equitable resource-allocation to all sections should be bracketed within short term goals and issues pertaining to poverty removal,keeping a tab on population growth and averting resource depletion comes under long term goals.
We need to arise above minute personal interests and work in concert with all departments to sanction national interests.Also,it is imperative to think beyond traditional and irrelevant dichotomies such as-private versus public,traditional versus modern,basic research versus applied to pave way for sustainable livelihoods on a sustained basis.
Magnificient implications of S&T.
Broad scale developments depend upon the leverage of scientific prowess in a holistic manner.The basic obligation of science is to pave way for creation of sustainable livelihoods.Funding science for social development remains to be a major investment for developed econmies of the world.We need to strenthen the research and development wing for developing more prosperous discoveries in the field of science.A condusive environment should endorse investment-culture for research and development in science-intensive areas viz-space technology,electronics,defence,pharmaceuticals.An unrestrained investment into R&D sector can reap rich dividends.The government is commited to spend 1% of GNP to science,but,majority of the funds are earmarked for areas like-pilot projects,training workforce and demonstrations and has meagre effect on the lives of people at the grass root level.We allocate 1000 times as much money for researches of interest to rich and affluent sections aswe do for problems of general people. Our science policies are aimed at accentuating the disparities between haves and have nots and counters the very principle of social justice and equity. Funding for society i.e. ensuring better standards of health,education and well being is socially rewarding.One such investment includes in the direction of scientific research.Poor funding in this arena has handicapped the success of this sector.
The role of Science &Technology is momentous in almost all quarters of society.Today,infact,every aspect of our life has been revolutionised by introducing science and technology.Not a single domain is untouched by its magical implications.
Let me tour you through contemporary complications in which India is mired in.Not to mention,Poverty dominates the list.Following that,pervading unemployment is a cause of concern.Of late,India endorsed ‘National Manufacturing Policy(MNP)’ which would enhance manufacturing sector’s share in GDP to 25 percent and pave way for creation of 100 million jobs by 2020.The proposed MNP envisages for creation of sustainable livelihoods and technological value addition which would have economic multiplier effect.The policy encourages infrastructure development on public private partnership(PPP),which would pave way for creation of reliable assets.
Next goal is to push India’s growth rate into double digit territory which is continously hovering around 7-8%.Of late,India’s growth rate was plagued following sovereign debt crisis in Europe and rupee’s falling exchange rate.Despite RBI’s (India’s central bank) ongoing rate hiking spree for 13times since March,2010,Inflation continues to be above comfort zone and thereby hurting common man’s expenditure sentiments.Some of the eye-cathing reasons for our sorry state is inefficient industrial structures involving high capital costs and long gestation periods.Technology is specially designed to curtail labour options and thereby adding to unemployment figures.Large scale operations like-steel manufacturing plants,oil refining units,automobile manufacturers generally use mechanized units to develop their products.Even if full costs of processes and resources used in manufacturing goods and delivering products is taken into account and no subsidies for energy,transportation, financial and other services are withdrawn,even small scale industries can prove to be a roaring success.Small micro-enterprises (SME) forms the backbone of Indian economy.Small micro-enterprises(SME) which claims 60 per cent of industrial production and 65 per cent of industrial production are facing a slow death dueto inadequate funding and lack of proper marketing access.Recently,the internet giant ‘Google’ offered free internet space for emerging SMEs so as to facilitate better promotion of products.The SMEs are quite small,unregulated and disorganised sector which invites environmental and societal grave implications.These sectors cannot be expected to do expected results sans technological and managerial prowess.For enterprises to be profitable and sustainable on a long term basis,robust marketing and production facilities need to be institued.These small scale industries can be given shape with meagre investment ranging from 20,000 INR to 10 laks INR.Moreover,this would lead to creation of large number of job opportunities which would add to the income of rural populace,thereby enhancing their purchasing power capacity.The best part is that its gestation period is less and profits can be expected in shorter time.
Let us first enlist areas where science and technology can bestow benefits on a sustainable basis.The areas identified by the Governement of India where science and technology may prove beneficial for the development of country includes drinking water for household use,decentralised electricity generation,security technology,bio-farming techniques,farming technology,women-technology parks,rural-developmet parks,technological interventions for elderly and aged and advancements in sericulture ,horticulture and the list goes on an endless note.The governement has approved national bamboo mission application(NBMA) which has developed and demonstrated a vast array of technologies and applications.The mission evisages to provide economic and social benefits by facilitating the creation of millions of jobs,building up of bamboo resources and marketing technology and thereby helping millions sail across the the psychological poverty line.In the 11th year plans,the Government has laid enough emphasis on chalking out impact-making schemes for water conservation,nutritional security,local and regional resource utilization
About 70 per cent of Indian population depends on farming to eke out a living.In a country,where majority of populace banks upon agriculture to earn their bread,a thought about revolutionising the farming isector assumes importance.Our agriculture is plagued by series of impediments.Well,the after-effects are quite evident from the fact that our farmers fail to prove their prowess in terms of produce.If we count on the recent figures,rice production in China amounts to 6000 tonnes per hectare whereas Indian counterparts register a dismal 3000 tonnes per hectare of land.Difference of allmost same quantum is visible if we compare wheat production figures of France and India.What is that which ensures our ruining our farming sector,despite have vast swathes of cultivable land?
Well,the problem is that we fail to effectively introduce technological aspects ,which would have hitherto claimed wonders.Mechanization of agriculture is one aspect where we need to invest our attention.Talking about introduction of technological aspects,we need to give a serious thought to that.Recently,a paddy-planter was introduced by the Government of India with an aim of zooming the agriculture produce by investing less amount of efforts.The issue of effective water management assumes significance in water-strapped era.Unaccounted use of water in farming needs to be controlled.One initiative in this regard is introducing”Drip technology”,which entails use of pipes,valves to water the roots of plants on drop by drop basis.This would help plants receive water and simultaneously ensure its judicious use.In an era,where doors of secrecy are breaking down,an aware citizenry can register sizeable benefits to their names. Proper harnessing of technological benefits can prove effective in this direction.Early,timely and first hand information regarding actual prices of agriculture produce may help farmers from getting duped by middlemen.Technological advances,which would facilitate their communication with traders may serve as a stimulus for upgrading their social-living standards.Global-environment degradation has also been an issue which has caught the attention of think-tanks all over the world.In agriculture,several fertilizers containing ammonium sulphideafter usage prove disastrous ,owing to presence of toxic contents.We need to encourage the usage of “Bio-manures” which would help salvage our already degraded environment without compromising on healthy crop growth.
At local level,we need new forms of institutions that are capable of fulfilling social objectives in a business-way.The country’s largest dairy conglomerate ‘AMUL’ is a handsome example in this direction,which boasts of ensuring bread to many.Private entities must foray into unconventional areas as apart of corporate social responsibilty(CSR) as well as models based on public-private partnership (PPP) should be floated.Pilot projects based on PPP models will have a vision for rendering social benefits without compromising on personal gains of private players.A full scale commitment is needed to place science development of sustainable technologies at the centre of country’s agenda.A two-way dialogue process needs to be initiated between government representatives and common populace to collate datas/figures/information at ground level and thereby charting out sustainable mechanism to support sustainable livelihoods.In essence,an attempt should be made to develop an autonomous institution ,comprising of local units and capable of taking care of geographically and topically relevant societal problems.Theconcept could be modelled after CSIR,which has national and regional laboratories.However,its mode of working and structure and format would be entirely different from CSIR.Moreover,these institutions should aim at researching into areas apart from prototype-type,laboratory based R&D,thereby, exploring avenues to solve ground level issues pragmatically.Its capacity to attract best talents and maximum financial assistance depends on applying right mix of basic and applied research and freeing the organization from bureaucratic and political hurdles.Taking its mandate and scope,these organizations will have an impressive impact of millions of starving lives.
New contracts between science and society can work wonders.To ensure that science rises to glorious heights,some of the highlighting measures include enhancing education standards at primary and secondary level to facilitate capacity building,weeding out bureaucratic tape in clearances of proposals,real assessment of requirements of ground-level people and thereby promoting conducive ambience for sychronising scientific benefits with societal benefits to the hilt.
Our prime focus should be aimed at working in concert with all agencies and evolve sustainable assets which would serve as a thing beyond forever.
CHEERS!